Background: Anxiety disorders (ADs) are common with a high rate of medical comorbidities. Although the\nassociation between ADs and the overall cancer risk remains controversial, patients with ADs were found to\nbe more likely to develop specific cancer types. Herein, we estimated the risk of developing urological cancers\namong patients with ADs in a 5-year follow-up period using a population-based database.\nMethods: Two study cohorts were identified from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005:\npatients with ADs, and comparison subjects selected by one-to-one matching for sex, age, and the year of\nrecruitment. Follow-up was undertaken to determine whether sampled patients and comparison subjects had\ndeveloped urological cancers in the subsequent 5 years.\nResults: We found that urological cancers occurred among 0.54% of patients with ADs and 0.13% of comparison\nsubjects. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, and alcohol and tobacco use\ndisorder, the stratified Cox proportional hazard regression suggested that patients with ADs were more likely to\ndevelop urological cancers relative to comparison subjects (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.67; 95% confidence interval, 2.\n85 ~ 4.72). The adjusted HR for males with ADs was 3.82 (95% CI: 2.79 ~ 5.23) in comparison to males without ADs.\nIn addition, the adjusted HR for females with ADs was 3.47 (95% CI: 2.26 ~ 5.31) than those females without ADs.\nConclusions: We concluded that during the 5-year follow-up period, there was a significantly increased risk of\nurological cancers among patients with ADs.
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